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Table of Contents
Part I
Biomaterials Science
Biomaterials Science and Engineering
Learning Objectives
Materials Science and Engineering
Multilevels of Structure and Categorization of Materials
Four Categories of Materials
Definitions of Biomaterials, Biomedical Materials, and Biological Materials
Biocompatibility
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Toxicity and Corrosion
Learning Objectives
Elements in the Body
Biological Roles and Toxicities of Trace Elements
Selection of Metallic Elements in Medical-Grade Alloys
Corrosion of Metals
Environment inside the Body
Minimization of Toxicity of Metal Implants
Chapter Highlights
Laboratory Practice 1
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Advanced Topic: Biological Roles of Alloying Elements
Bibliography
Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials
Learning Objectives
Role of Implant Biomaterials
Mechanical Properties of General Importance
Hardness
Elasticity: Resilience and Strechability
Mechanical Properties Terms Used in the Medical Community
Failure
Essential Mechanical Properties of Orthopedic Implant Biomaterials
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Metallic Biomaterials in Orthopedic Implants
Learning Objectives
Development of Metallic Biomaterials
Stainless Steels
Cobalt-Based Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Comparison of Stainless Steels, Cobalt, and Titanium Alloys
Summary and Remarks
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Metallic Biomaterials: Miscellaneous Others
Learning Objectives
Dental Materials
NiTi Shape-Memory Alloys
Other Clinically Applied Metallic Materials
New Metallic Materials: Magnesium Alloys
Chapter Highlights
Laboratory Practice 2
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Bioinert Ceramics
Learning Objectives
Overview of Bioceramics
Inert Bioceramics: Al2O3
Inert Bioceramics: ZrO2
Two Types of Joints
Summary and Remarks on Al2O3 and ZrO2
Dental Ceramics
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Advanced Topic: Total Joint Replacement
Bibliography
Bioactive and Bioresorbable Ceramics
Learning Objectives
Overview of Surface Bioactive and Bulk Degradable Ceramics
Calcium Phosphates and Hydroxyapatite
Bioactive Glasses
Bioactive Glass-Ceramics
Bone-Bonding Mechanisms
Biodegradable Ceramics
Chapter Highlights
Laboratory Practice 3
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Advanced Topic: Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Bibliography
Polymeric Biomaterials: Fundamentals
Learning Objectives
Basic Concepts on Polymers
Overview of Polymeric Biomaterials
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Advanced Topic: Polymers and Polymer Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering
Bibliography
Bioinert Polymers
Learning Objectives
Polyolefin
Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)
Acrylate Polymer
Fluorocarbon Polymers
Silicone
Polyurethane
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Advanced Topic: Properties and Applications of Polyurethane as Biomaterials
Bibliography
Bioresorbable Polymers
Learning Objectives
Biodegradation of Polymers
Polyesters: PGA, PLA, and PCL
Polyesters: PHA
Elastomeric Polyester: Poly(Polyol Sebacate)
Polyether: Poly(Ethylene Glycol)
Polyamide
Surface-Erodible Polymers
Biological Polymers
Chapter Highlights
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Laboratory Practice 4
Advanced Topic: Natural Polymers: Resilin, Silk, and Gluten
Bibliography
Composite Biomaterials
Learning Objectives
Overview of Composites
Natural Composites: Bone
Dental Composites
Artificial Bone
Chapter Highlights
Laboratory Practice 5
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Advanced Topic: Development of Artificial Bone: Composites and Scaffolds
Bibliography
Part II
Medical Science
Medicine and Medical Science
Learning Objectives
Medicine and Medical Science
Medical Science versus Materials Science
Learning Goals of Part II
Chapter Highlights
Activity
Bibliography
Image Links
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Human Anatomy And Diseases I: Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, and Endocrine Systems
Learning Objectives
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Advanced Topic: Biomaterial Challenges in Bone Tissue Engineering
Bibliography
Human Anatomy And Diseases II: Cardiovascular System
Learning Objectives
Anatomy and Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiac Performance: P–V Loop
Current Therapies for Heart Disease
Alternative Treatments and Application of Biomaterials
Artificial Blood Vessels
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Human Anatomy And Diseases III: Respiratory, Lymphatic, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive Systems
Learning Objectives
Respiratory System
Lymphatic System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Cells and Biomolecules
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Cell Biochemistry and Biosynthesis
Cell Structure
Transport across Plasma Membranes
Cell Proliferation
Cell Differentiation and Stem Cells
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Advanced Topic: Cell Therapy to Treat Cardiac Disease
Strategies to Address Immune Rejection in Cells
Summary of Cell-Based Therapies and Their Limitations
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Histology and Tissue Properties I: Epithelial, Neuronal, and Muscle Tissue
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Epithelium
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Advanced Topic: Properties of Proteins in Mammalian Tissues
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Histology and Tissue Properties II: Connective Tissues
Learning Objectives
Overview of Connective Tissues
Types of Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper (Skin, Tendon, Ligament)
Mechanical Properties of Structural Proteins
Cartilage
Bone
Chapter Highlights
Laboratory Practice 6
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Immune System and Body Responses to Biomaterials
Learning Objectives
Immune System
Tissue Response to Injuries
Body Response to Implants
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Evaluation of Biomaterials
Learning Objectives
Overview of Biomaterials Evaluation
Standards
Toxicological Evaluation
Cytotoxicity Testing
Evaluation in Animals
Chapter Highlights
Laboratory Practice 7
Case Study: Evaluation of Heart Patch in Rats
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Regulation of Medical Devices
Learning Objectives
Regulations versus Standards
Medical Devices
Preclinical Testing
Clinical Trials
Development of Medical Devices and Possible Career Opportunities
Chapter Highlights
Activities
Simple Questions in Class
Problems and Exercises
Bibliography
Index