Biological Oceanography: An Introduction, 2/Ed > 생명과학

Table of Contents
Ch. 1 Introduction
1.1 Special Properties Affecting Life in the Sea 7
1.2 Classifications of Marine Environments and Marine Organisms 8
1.3 Basic Ecological Terms and Concepts 10
1.4 The Historical Development of Biological Oceanography 13
Ch. 2 The Abiotic Environment
2.1 Solar Radiation 22
2.2 Temperature 27
2.3 Salinity 32
2.4 Density 36
2.5 Pressure 39
2.6 Surface Currents 40
Ch. 3 Phytoplankton and Primary Production
3.1 Systematic Treatment 45
3.2 Photosynthesis and Primary Production 52
3.3 Radiation and Photosynthesis 55
3.4 The Effect of Nutrients on Growth Rate 59
3.5 Physical Controls of Primary Production 63
3.6 Global Phytoplankton Productivity 73
Ch. 4 Zooplankton
4.1 Collection Methods 80
4.2 Holoplankton: Systematics and Biology 81
4.3 Meroplankton 92
4.4 Vertical Distribution 95
4.5 Diel Vertical Migration 100
4.6 Seasonal Vertical Migrations 103
4.7 Zoogeography of the Holoplankton 106
Ch. 5 Energy Flow and Mineral Cycling
5.1 Food Chains and Energy Transfer 115
5.2 Food Webs 120
5.3 Measuring Secondary Production 127
5.4 A Comparison of Marine and Terrestrial Production 138
5.5 Mineral Cycles 140
Ch. 6 Nekton and Fisheries Oceanography
6.1 Nektonic Crustacea 151
6.2 Nektonic Cephalopods 152
6.3 Marine Reptiles 153
6.4 Marine Mammals 154
6.5 Seabirds 158
6.6 Marine Fish 160
6.7 Fisheries and Fisheries Oceanography 167
6.8 Mariculture 176
Ch. 7 Benthos
7.1 Benthic Plants 183
7.2 Benthic Animals 186
7.3 Determinants of Community Structure 199
Ch. 8 Benthic Communities
8.1 Intertidal Environments 202
8.2 Rocky Intertidal Shores 203
8.3 Kelp Forests 208
8.4 Sand Beaches 211
8.5 Estuaries 215
8.6 Coral Reefs 220
8.7 Mangrove Swamps 233
8.8 Deep-Sea Ecology 238
8.9 Hydrothermal Vents and Cold Seeps 250
Appendix 1 Geological Time Scale 259
Appendix 2 Conversions 260
Suggested Further Reading 262
Answers and Comments to Questions 263
Glossary 279
Acknowledgements 293
Index 296